Long-term effects of 2 energy-restricted diets differing in glycemic load on dietary adherence, body composition, and metabolism in CALERIE: a 1-y randomized controlled trial. Weight loss diet studies: we need help not hype. Differing effects of high-fat or high-carbohydrate meals on food hedonics in overweight and obese individuals. Hopkins, M., Gibbons, C., Caudwell, P., Blundell, J. Appetite, feeding behaviour and energy balance in human subjects. Dietary fat intake does affect obesity! Am. Fat intake and short-term energy balance. Fat as a risk factor for overconsumption: satiation, satiety, and patterns of eating. Increasing adiposity: consequence or cause of overeating? JAMA 311, 2167–2168 (2014).īlundell, J. The carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity: beyond “calories in, calories out”. Did the food environment cause the obesity epidemic? Obesity 26, 11–13 (2018). This study was registered on as NCT03878108. Therefore, the predictions of the carbohydrate–insulin model were inconsistent with our observations. We found that the low-fat diet led to 689 ± 73 kcal d −1 less energy intake than the low-carbohydrate diet over 2 weeks ( P < 0.0001) and 544 ± 68 kcal d −1 less over the final week ( P < 0.0001). The primary outcomes compared mean daily ad libitum energy intake between each 2-week diet period as well as between the final week of each diet. One participant withdrew due to hypoglycemia during the low-carbohydrate diet. To test this hypothesis, 20 adults aged 29.9 ± 1.4 (mean ± s.e.m.) years with body mass index of 27.8 ± 1.3 kg m −2 were admitted as inpatients to the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center and randomized to consume ad libitum either a minimally processed, plant-based, low-fat diet (10.3% fat, 75.2% carbohydrate) with high glycemic load (85 g 1,000 kcal −1) or a minimally processed, animal-based, ketogenic, low-carbohydrate diet (75.8% fat, 10.0% carbohydrate) with low glycemic load (6 g 1,000 kcal −1) for 2 weeks followed immediately by the alternate diet for 2 weeks. Thus, low-carbohydrate diets are predicted to reduce ad libitum energy intake as compared to low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets. The carbohydrate–insulin model of obesity posits that high-carbohydrate diets lead to excess insulin secretion, thereby promoting fat accumulation and increasing energy intake. Nature Medicine volume 27, pages 344–353 ( 2021) Cite this article But there is considerably less consensus on the role of obesity on the risk for low muscle mass or muscle density,” said lead author Ching-Ti Liu of the Boston University School of Public Health, and senior author Douglas Kiel, HMS professor of medicine and director of the Musculoskeletal Research Center at Hebrew SeniorLife.Effect of a plant-based, low-fat diet versus an animal-based, ketogenic diet on ad libitum energy intake “Most obesity research has focused on metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and osteoarthritis. This research is the first large, longitudinal study of the association between changes in VAT and muscle density. According to the study, individuals with the greatest 6-year accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT), found in the abdomen, had significantly lower muscle density. Low muscle density means that the muscle has more fat in it, which can lead to less effective muscle function that in turn may lead to more falls.
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